Sustainable development

Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF: environment, Local people, Future). The term was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity. As early as the 1970’s “sustainability” was employed to describe an economy “in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems.” Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth and presented the alternative of a “steady-state economy” in order to address environmental concerns. The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and sociopolitical sustainability.

• Comprehension ( 6 points )

1- Answer these question from the text (2 points )
A-what are the pillars of sustainable development ?
…………………………………………………..
B-When was first the term of sustainable development used ?
…………………………………………………..
2- Are these sentences true or false? Justify ( 2 points )
A-sustainable development targets the exploitation of substantials in future
……………………………………………………
B-Ecologists was behind what is referred to as sustainable development
………………………………………………………
3- Find in the text words which means almost the same as (2 point)
Created:……………….
Regular:………………

• Grammar ( 8 points )

1-rewrite the sentences beginning with the words given (2 points)
– They got the children back alive , only because paid they paid the ransom
If…………………………………………………………………………
– The police told the woman that if her wheels had gone a little bit near the edge, the car would have plunged into the ravine
The police man: ” …………………………………………………………..”

 2-Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense or form (2 points )
Anna: «…………………………….. (You/learn) English before you …………………. (Go) there last summer? »
Kamal: « yes . And I am intending of (have)…………………………………….. Another course in English by the end of Juin. »
Anna: « I think (you / master) ……………………………………………….it by then »

3-Give the correct form of the words between brackets ( 2 points )
– They will ( doubt)____________________ have the exam next week , the teacher insisted on that .
– he could not hide his ( curious )_____________________.
– (continent)________________________ relationships between countries help setting up global peace .
– Active (citizen)______________________ means the involvement of citizens in their public life .

4- Fill in the blanks with the right relative pronoun (2 points)
– Thousands of people come to Essaouira festival ______________ is held every year. It is an occasion _____________ Gnawa music is played.
– Essaouira is a city ________________ people are very friendly and hospitable.
– I talked to the girl ______________ car had broken down in front of the shop

• Functions ( 2 points )

Match the sentences  :

A – Someone is about to finish his high school	1 – Yes I agree with that
B – Women should be given more opportunities	2 – Why don’t you inscribe in a high institute

• Writing ( 4 points )

What does sustainable development mean for you (in no more than ONE PARAGRAPH)